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      "url": "https://ensi.admin.ch/de/2026/03/23/ensi-erteilt-dem-kkw-goesgen-die-freigabe-zum-wiederanfahren/",
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      "title": "Return to grid after extended outage, 23 March 2026",
      "publisher": "Kernkraftwerk Gösgen",
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      "url": "https://www.kkg.ch/de/uns/medienmitteilungen/kkg-stromproduktion-aufgenommen-755.html",
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      "locator": "Opening paragraph and sections on safety analysis, manufacturing and valve replacement",
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      "locator": "Betriebsdaten, printed page 9: 2024 and 2025 electricity, process-steam equivalent and technical data",
      "note": "The operator separates electricity from process steam expressed in electrical-equivalent units. Its financial net-output total must not be labelled electricity alone.",
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      "locator": "Electricity is measured in Watts and kilowatts; Electricity use over time is measured in Watthours",
      "note": "Definitions of power and energy only. No US consumption figures are applied to Switzerland.",
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      ],
      "definition": "Annual final electricity demand under this set of assumptions.",
      "limitation": "Scenario range, not a probability range. Same model omissions as the central case.",
      "formula": "Same model equations as the central case, with scenario-specific parameters in scenario-results.json.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "higher-demand-2050",
      "label": "Higher demand scenario",
      "value": 147.18361501663603,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "scenario",
      "period": "2050",
      "sources": [
        "demand-model-v1"
      ],
      "definition": "Annual final electricity demand under this set of assumptions.",
      "limitation": "Scenario range, not a probability range. Same model omissions as the central case.",
      "formula": "Same model equations as the central case, with scenario-specific parameters in scenario-results.json.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "nuclear-net-2025",
      "label": "Nuclear generation in the 2025 BFE statistics",
      "value": 18.379,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025"
      ],
      "definition": "Sum of BFE table 15 generation for the four operating reactors. Gösgen had an extended outage.",
      "limitation": "One year is not a typical-output forecast. The Gösgen 2025 figure differs from operator electricity-only output; the series is retained without reconciliation.",
      "formula": "(2,909 + 2,483 + 3,429 + 9,558) GWh ÷ 1,000 = 18.379 TWh.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "renewables-target-2050",
      "label": "Renewables excluding hydro",
      "value": 45,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "target",
      "period": "2050",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-monitoring-2025"
      ],
      "definition": "Minimum average annual generation target reported by BFE.",
      "limitation": "A policy target is not a forecast. Read with the report's corrected March 2026 edition.",
      "formula": null,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "hydro-target-2050",
      "label": "Hydropower",
      "value": 39.2,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "target",
      "period": "2050",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-monitoring-2025"
      ],
      "definition": "Minimum average annual generation target reported by BFE.",
      "limitation": "This does not make every proposed hydro project funded, permitted or built.",
      "formula": null,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "screening-exports",
      "label": "Exports in one system test",
      "value": 21.081550044520608,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "scenario",
      "period": "2050 scenario · 2012 hydro year",
      "sources": [
        "system-model-v1"
      ],
      "definition": "Annual exports in the no-battery case; imports are set to zero.",
      "limitation": "Assumes 8.8 GW of hypothetical nuclear and 26 GWp of solar. Not the existing Swiss fleet. One national node, perfect foresight and aggregate natural hydro.",
      "formula": "exports_gwh ÷ 1,000; net exports equal exports because imports are zero.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "screening-shortage",
      "label": "Demand left unmet in that test",
      "value": 216.68543063242103,
      "unit": "GWh",
      "status": "scenario",
      "period": "Same no-battery case",
      "sources": [
        "system-model-v1"
      ],
      "definition": "Total electricity demand the model cannot serve.",
      "limitation": "Shows why annual exports alone cannot establish hourly security. It does not establish that a specific government scenario fails.",
      "formula": "Sum of hourly unserved demand in case n8-pv26-2012-battery_none.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "battery-margin",
      "label": "Day-ahead energy margin",
      "value": 75648.57916323529,
      "unit": "CHF/MW/year",
      "status": "scenario",
      "period": "2025 prices",
      "sources": [
        "owner-model-v1"
      ],
      "definition": "Modelled trading margin after energy purchases and trading fees for a 1 MW / 4 MWh battery.",
      "limitation": "Perfect knowledge of future prices. Excludes capital and operating costs and other revenue markets. Not actual earnings.",
      "formula": "Sales minus purchases minus trading fees; 85% round-trip efficiency, 365-cycle limit, fixed 0.95 CHF/EUR and CHF 1/MWh trading fee in each direction.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "battery-owner-cost",
      "label": "Illustrative annual ownership cost",
      "value": 224691.93705150974,
      "unit": "CHF/MW/year",
      "status": "assumption",
      "period": "Illustrative cost case",
      "sources": [
        "owner-model-v1"
      ],
      "definition": "Annualised capital cost plus fixed operating and augmentation allowance for a 1 MW / 4 MWh battery.",
      "limitation": "Not a Swiss supplier bid. Does not establish the profitability of all battery projects.",
      "formula": "CHF 1,500,000 × [0.07 × 1.07^15 ÷ (1.07^15 − 1) + 0.04]. Capital assumption: CHF 600/kW × 1,000 kW + CHF 225/kWh × 4,000 kWh.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "beznau-1-cf-2025-2025",
      "label": "Beznau 1: capacity factor from the BFE generation series",
      "value": 90.98017138925377,
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. Capacity factor is not time availability.",
      "formula": "2909 GWh × 1,000 ÷ 3197400 MWh × 100; the denominator sums each year’s net capacity × actual hours.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "beznau-1-generation-2025-2025",
      "label": "Beznau 1: mean annual generation",
      "value": 2909.0,
      "unit": "GWh/year",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh.",
      "formula": "2909 GWh ÷ 1 calendar years.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "beznau-1-cf-2021-2025",
      "label": "Beznau 1: capacity factor from the BFE generation series",
      "value": 85.98528610081672,
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2021–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. Capacity factor is not time availability.",
      "formula": "13754 GWh × 1,000 ÷ 15995760 MWh × 100; the denominator sums each year’s net capacity × actual hours.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "beznau-1-generation-2021-2025",
      "label": "Beznau 1: mean annual generation",
      "value": 2750.8,
      "unit": "GWh/year",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2021–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh.",
      "formula": "13754 GWh ÷ 5 calendar years.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "beznau-1-cf-2016-2025",
      "label": "Beznau 1: capacity factor from the BFE generation series",
      "value": 68.02440478645812,
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2016–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. Capacity factor is not time availability.",
      "formula": "21768 GWh × 1,000 ÷ 32000280 MWh × 100; the denominator sums each year’s net capacity × actual hours.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "beznau-1-generation-2016-2025",
      "label": "Beznau 1: mean annual generation",
      "value": 2176.8,
      "unit": "GWh/year",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2016–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh.",
      "formula": "21768 GWh ÷ 10 calendar years.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "beznau-2-cf-2025-2025",
      "label": "Beznau 2: capacity factor from the BFE generation series",
      "value": 77.65684618752736,
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. Capacity factor is not time availability.",
      "formula": "2483 GWh × 1,000 ÷ 3197400 MWh × 100; the denominator sums each year’s net capacity × actual hours.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "beznau-2-generation-2025-2025",
      "label": "Beznau 2: mean annual generation",
      "value": 2483.0,
      "unit": "GWh/year",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh.",
      "formula": "2483 GWh ÷ 1 calendar years.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "beznau-2-cf-2021-2025",
      "label": "Beznau 2: capacity factor from the BFE generation series",
      "value": 87.7545049438101,
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2021–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. Capacity factor is not time availability.",
      "formula": "14037 GWh × 1,000 ÷ 15995760 MWh × 100; the denominator sums each year’s net capacity × actual hours.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "beznau-2-generation-2021-2025",
      "label": "Beznau 2: mean annual generation",
      "value": 2807.4,
      "unit": "GWh/year",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2021–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh.",
      "formula": "14037 GWh ÷ 5 calendar years.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "beznau-2-cf-2016-2025",
      "label": "Beznau 2: capacity factor from the BFE generation series",
      "value": 89.2304692333942,
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2016–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. Capacity factor is not time availability.",
      "formula": "28554 GWh × 1,000 ÷ 32000280 MWh × 100; the denominator sums each year’s net capacity × actual hours.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "beznau-2-generation-2016-2025",
      "label": "Beznau 2: mean annual generation",
      "value": 2855.4,
      "unit": "GWh/year",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2016–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh.",
      "formula": "28554 GWh ÷ 10 calendar years.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "goesgen-cf-2025-2025",
      "label": "Gösgen: capacity factor from the BFE generation series",
      "value": 38.75627288756273,
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. Capacity factor is not time availability. The unresolved difference from operator electricity-only output in 2025 remains.",
      "formula": "3429 GWh × 1,000 ÷ 8847600 MWh × 100; the denominator sums each year’s net capacity × actual hours.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "goesgen-generation-2025-2025",
      "label": "Gösgen: mean annual generation",
      "value": 3429.0,
      "unit": "GWh/year",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. The unresolved difference from operator electricity-only output in 2025 remains.",
      "formula": "3429 GWh ÷ 1 calendar years.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "goesgen-cf-2021-2025",
      "label": "Gösgen: capacity factor from the BFE generation series",
      "value": 79.21198746380662,
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2021–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. Capacity factor is not time availability. The unresolved difference from operator electricity-only output in 2025 remains.",
      "formula": "35061 GWh × 1,000 ÷ 44262240 MWh × 100; the denominator sums each year’s net capacity × actual hours.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "goesgen-generation-2021-2025",
      "label": "Gösgen: mean annual generation",
      "value": 7012.2,
      "unit": "GWh/year",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2021–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. The unresolved difference from operator electricity-only output in 2025 remains.",
      "formula": "35061 GWh ÷ 5 calendar years.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "goesgen-cf-2016-2025",
      "label": "Gösgen: capacity factor from the BFE generation series",
      "value": 85.28073584801677,
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2016–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. Capacity factor is not time availability. The unresolved difference from operator electricity-only output in 2025 remains.",
      "formula": "75515 GWh × 1,000 ÷ 88548720 MWh × 100; the denominator sums each year’s net capacity × actual hours.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "goesgen-generation-2016-2025",
      "label": "Gösgen: mean annual generation",
      "value": 7551.5,
      "unit": "GWh/year",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2016–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. The unresolved difference from operator electricity-only output in 2025 remains.",
      "formula": "75515 GWh ÷ 10 calendar years.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "leibstadt-cf-2025-2025",
      "label": "Leibstadt: capacity factor from the BFE generation series",
      "value": 88.4911508849115,
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. Capacity factor is not time availability.",
      "formula": "9558 GWh × 1,000 ÷ 10801080 MWh × 100; the denominator sums each year’s net capacity × actual hours.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "leibstadt-generation-2025-2025",
      "label": "Leibstadt: mean annual generation",
      "value": 9558.0,
      "unit": "GWh/year",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh.",
      "formula": "9558 GWh ÷ 1 calendar years.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "leibstadt-cf-2021-2025",
      "label": "Leibstadt: capacity factor from the BFE generation series",
      "value": 80.81999088895708,
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2021–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. Capacity factor is not time availability.",
      "formula": "43487 GWh × 1,000 ÷ 53807232 MWh × 100; the denominator sums each year’s net capacity × actual hours.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "leibstadt-generation-2021-2025",
      "label": "Leibstadt: mean annual generation",
      "value": 8697.4,
      "unit": "GWh/year",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2021–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh.",
      "formula": "43487 GWh ÷ 5 calendar years.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "leibstadt-cf-2016-2025",
      "label": "Leibstadt: capacity factor from the BFE generation series",
      "value": 75.42837681592493,
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2016–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. Capacity factor is not time availability.",
      "formula": "80936 GWh × 1,000 ÷ 107301792 MWh × 100; the denominator sums each year’s net capacity × actual hours.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "leibstadt-generation-2016-2025",
      "label": "Leibstadt: mean annual generation",
      "value": 8093.6,
      "unit": "GWh/year",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2016–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh.",
      "formula": "80936 GWh ÷ 10 calendar years.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "goesgen-cf-2016-2024",
      "label": "Gösgen: capacity factor from the BFE generation series",
      "value": 90.44540402945404,
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2016–2024",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. Capacity factor is not time availability. This comparison ends before the 2025 outage; the five- and ten-year comparisons retain that year.",
      "formula": "72086 GWh × 1,000 ÷ 79701120 MWh × 100; the denominator sums each year’s net capacity × actual hours.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "goesgen-generation-2016-2024",
      "label": "Gösgen: mean annual generation",
      "value": 8009.555555555556,
      "unit": "GWh/year",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2016–2024",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Historical calculation using every calendar year in the stated period.",
      "limitation": "Historical output is not guaranteed future supply. Generation is rounded to whole GWh. This comparison ends before the 2025 outage; the five- and ten-year comparisons retain that year.",
      "formula": "72086 GWh ÷ 9 calendar years.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "nuclear-mean-2016-2025",
      "label": "Four reactors: average annual generation",
      "value": 20.6773,
      "unit": "TWh/year",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "2016–2025",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "nuclear-history-calculation"
      ],
      "definition": "Mean output of the four reactors still operating at the review date. All ten years are included.",
      "limitation": "Includes outage years. Excludes Mühleberg throughout. This is historical output, not guaranteed future supply. BFE source figures are retained.",
      "formula": "206773 GWh ÷ 10 years ÷ 1,000 = 20.6773 TWh/year.",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16"
    },
    {
      "id": "winter-net-imports-2020-2021",
      "label": "Winter net electricity imports",
      "value": 1.815,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "observed",
      "period": "2020-10-01 to 2021-03-31",
      "definition": "Physical imports minus physical exports. A negative value means net exports.",
      "limitation": "A trade balance, not a measure of unmet demand. It does not show imports in each hour.",
      "formula": null,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "primer-calculations"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "winter-net-imports-2021-2022",
      "label": "Winter net electricity imports",
      "value": 7.821,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "observed",
      "period": "2021-10-01 to 2022-03-31",
      "definition": "Physical imports minus physical exports. A negative value means net exports.",
      "limitation": "A trade balance, not a measure of unmet demand. It does not show imports in each hour.",
      "formula": null,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "primer-calculations"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "winter-net-imports-2022-2023",
      "label": "Winter net electricity imports",
      "value": 3.642,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "observed",
      "period": "2022-10-01 to 2023-03-31",
      "definition": "Physical imports minus physical exports. A negative value means net exports.",
      "limitation": "A trade balance, not a measure of unmet demand. It does not show imports in each hour.",
      "formula": null,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "primer-calculations"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "winter-net-imports-2023-2024",
      "label": "Winter net electricity imports",
      "value": -2.04,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "observed",
      "period": "2023-10-01 to 2024-03-31",
      "definition": "Physical imports minus physical exports. A negative value means net exports.",
      "limitation": "A trade balance, not a measure of unmet demand. It does not show imports in each hour.",
      "formula": null,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "primer-calculations"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "winter-net-imports-2024-2025",
      "label": "Winter net electricity imports",
      "value": 0.729,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "observed",
      "period": "2024-10-01 to 2025-03-31",
      "definition": "Physical imports minus physical exports. A negative value means net exports.",
      "limitation": "A trade balance, not a measure of unmet demand. It does not show imports in each hour.",
      "formula": null,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "primer-calculations"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "summer-net-exports-2025",
      "label": "Summer net electricity exports",
      "value": 4.609,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "observed",
      "period": "2025-04-01 to 2025-09-30",
      "definition": "Physical exports minus physical imports.",
      "limitation": "The year runs October–September. A net export total does not mean there were no imports within the period.",
      "formula": null,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "primer-calculations"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "year-net-exports-2025",
      "label": "Hydrological-year net electricity exports",
      "value": 3.88,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "observed",
      "period": "2024-10-01 to 2025-09-30",
      "definition": "Physical exports minus physical imports.",
      "limitation": "The year runs October–September. A net export total does not mean there were no imports within the period.",
      "formula": null,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "primer-calculations"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "winter-hydro-2024-2025",
      "label": "Hydro: winter electricity generation",
      "value": 18.45,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "observed",
      "period": "2024-10-01 to 2025-03-31",
      "definition": "Domestic generation in BFE table 5, before deducting storage pumping input.",
      "limitation": "Generation mix, not household electricity labels or electricity delivered to final consumers. Hydro includes pumped-storage output.",
      "formula": null,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "primer-calculations"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "winter-nuclear-2024-2025",
      "label": "Nuclear: winter electricity generation",
      "value": 12.596,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "observed",
      "period": "2024-10-01 to 2025-03-31",
      "definition": "Domestic generation in BFE table 5, before deducting storage pumping input.",
      "limitation": "Generation mix, not household electricity labels or electricity delivered to final consumers. Hydro includes pumped-storage output.",
      "formula": null,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "primer-calculations"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "winter-thermal-2024-2025",
      "label": "Other thermal generation: winter electricity generation",
      "value": 1.887,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "observed",
      "period": "2024-10-01 to 2025-03-31",
      "definition": "Domestic generation in BFE table 5, before deducting storage pumping input.",
      "limitation": "Generation mix, not household electricity labels or electricity delivered to final consumers. Hydro includes pumped-storage output.",
      "formula": null,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "primer-calculations"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "winter-solar-2024-2025",
      "label": "Solar: winter electricity generation",
      "value": 1.773,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "observed",
      "period": "2024-10-01 to 2025-03-31",
      "definition": "Domestic generation in BFE table 5, before deducting storage pumping input.",
      "limitation": "Generation mix, not household electricity labels or electricity delivered to final consumers. Hydro includes pumped-storage output.",
      "formula": null,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "primer-calculations"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "winter-wind-2024-2025",
      "label": "Wind: winter electricity generation",
      "value": 0.092,
      "unit": "TWh",
      "status": "observed",
      "period": "2024-10-01 to 2025-03-31",
      "definition": "Domestic generation in BFE table 5, before deducting storage pumping input.",
      "limitation": "Generation mix, not household electricity labels or electricity delivered to final consumers. Hydro includes pumped-storage output.",
      "formula": null,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "sources": [
        "bfe-electricity-2025",
        "primer-calculations"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "illustrative-storage-hours",
      "label": "Duration of the example store",
      "value": 4,
      "unit": "hours",
      "status": "calculated",
      "period": "Illustrative constant-output example",
      "definition": "Assumed usable energy of 4 GWh divided by assumed output of 1 GW.",
      "limitation": "Teaching example, not an existing or proposed Swiss asset. Assumes a full store, constant output, no recharge and no further discharge losses or operating reserve. Charging energy and cost are not calculated.",
      "formula": "duration (h) = usable output energy (GWh) / constant power (GW) = 4 / 1",
      "reviewedAt": "2026-09-16",
      "sources": [
        "eia-electricity-storage",
        "primer-calculations"
      ]
    }
  ]
}