{ "reviewedAt": "2026-09-17", "observations": [ { "id": "pv-roof-1", "technology": "rooftop PV", "metric": "median installation quote/invoice price", "value": 2497, "unit": "CHF/kWp", "currency": "CHF", "price_year": 2025, "price_basis": "nominal 2025; excludes VAT; no subsidy deduction applied here", "geography": "CH", "status": "survey of offers and invoices; not exclusively audited outturns", "reporting_period": "2025", "source_ids": [ "bfe-pv-price-2025" ], "locator": "Table 4 printed/PDF p.17; scope pp.7–9", "finance": null, "capacity_factor": null, "output_basis": null, "boundary": "Installer scope through building grid disconnector", "omissions": [ "external design", "roof renovation/structural reinforcement", "network strengthening", "storage", "finance", "lifetime operation/replacement" ], "uncertainty": "Q1–Q3 is middle half of observations, not confidence interval. Eastern/central Switzerland underrepresented; possible duplicate offers. 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Eastern/central Switzerland underrepresented; possible duplicate offers. Largest class n=7.", "comparability": "Comparable within this roof survey; not ground-mounted or alpine EPC quotations", "converted_value": null, "reviewed_at": "2026-09-17", "power_band_kwp": "100–300", "sample_n": 88, "min": 465, "q1": 907, "q3": 1597, "max": 3353, "source_dates": [ { "source_id": "bfe-pv-price-2025", "publication_date": "2026-08-03", "publication_date_precision": "day", "report_date_printed": null, "reporting_period": "2025", "retrieved_at_utc": "2026-09-17T01:55:53.593929+00:00" } ], "claim_id": "cost-pv-roof-4" }, { "id": "pv-roof-5", "technology": "rooftop PV", "metric": "median installation quote/invoice price", "value": 800, "unit": "CHF/kWp", "currency": "CHF", "price_year": 2025, "price_basis": "nominal 2025; excludes VAT; no subsidy deduction applied here", "geography": "CH", "status": "survey of offers and invoices; not exclusively audited outturns", "reporting_period": "2025", "source_ids": [ "bfe-pv-price-2025" ], "locator": "Table 4 printed/PDF p.17; scope pp.7–9", "finance": null, "capacity_factor": null, "output_basis": null, "boundary": "Installer scope through building grid disconnector", "omissions": [ "external design", "roof renovation/structural reinforcement", "network strengthening", "storage", "finance", "lifetime operation/replacement" ], "uncertainty": "Q1–Q3 is middle half of observations, not confidence interval. Eastern/central Switzerland underrepresented; possible duplicate offers. Largest class n=7.", "comparability": "Comparable within this roof survey; not ground-mounted or alpine EPC quotations", "converted_value": null, "reviewed_at": "2026-09-17", "power_band_kwp": "300–1000", "sample_n": 47, "min": 461, "q1": 705, "q3": 1010, "max": 1589, "source_dates": [ { "source_id": "bfe-pv-price-2025", "publication_date": "2026-08-03", "publication_date_precision": "day", "report_date_printed": null, "reporting_period": "2025", "retrieved_at_utc": "2026-09-17T01:55:53.593929+00:00" } ], "claim_id": "cost-pv-roof-5" }, { "id": "pv-roof-6", "technology": "rooftop PV", "metric": "median installation quote/invoice price", "value": 660, "unit": "CHF/kWp", "currency": "CHF", "price_year": 2025, "price_basis": "nominal 2025; excludes VAT; no subsidy deduction applied here", "geography": "CH", "status": "survey of offers and invoices; not exclusively audited outturns", "reporting_period": "2025", "source_ids": [ "bfe-pv-price-2025" ], "locator": "Table 4 printed/PDF p.17; scope pp.7–9", "finance": null, "capacity_factor": null, "output_basis": null, "boundary": "Installer scope through building grid disconnector", "omissions": [ "external design", "roof renovation/structural reinforcement", "network strengthening", "storage", "finance", "lifetime operation/replacement" ], "uncertainty": "Q1–Q3 is middle half of observations, not confidence interval. Eastern/central Switzerland underrepresented; possible duplicate offers. Largest class n=7.", "comparability": "Comparable within this roof survey; not ground-mounted or alpine EPC quotations", "converted_value": null, "reviewed_at": "2026-09-17", "power_band_kwp": ">1000", "sample_n": 7, "min": 528, "q1": 602, "q3": 772, "max": 927, "source_dates": [ { "source_id": "bfe-pv-price-2025", "publication_date": "2026-08-03", "publication_date_precision": "day", "report_date_printed": null, "reporting_period": "2025", "retrieved_at_utc": "2026-09-17T01:55:53.593929+00:00" } ], "claim_id": "cost-pv-roof-6" }, { "id": "kkg-lto-base", "technology": "nuclear life extension", "metric": "incremental-investment break-even wholesale price", "value": 46, "unit": "CHF/MWh", "currency": "CHF", "price_year": 2025, "price_basis": "real 2025 CHF output; nominal cash-flow model", "geography": "CH", "status": "commissioned study scenario", "reporting_period": "2026-03-12", "source_ids": [ "bfe-lto-2026-background" ], "locator": "Summary pp.8–9; Annex B pp.99–108", "finance": { "nominal_pre_tax_wacc": 0.07, "future_inflation": 0.01 }, "capacity_factor": null, "output_basis": "base", "boundary": "Incremental NPV; operating/fuel/waste costs included, no new construction", "omissions": [ "Additional scheduled decommissioning costs omitted by study mandate, assumes existing funding sufficient at 60 years" ], "uncertainty": "Early closure includes continuing costs after shutdown; winter-only assumes six months. Safety authorization and future prices remain uncertain.", "comparability": "not a national delivered-cost ranking", "converted_value": null, "reviewed_at": "2026-09-17", "source_dates": [ { "source_id": "bfe-lto-2026-background", "publication_date": null, "publication_date_precision": "unknown", "report_date_printed": "2026-03-12", "reporting_period": "2026 study, real 2025 cost basis", "retrieved_at_utc": "2026-09-09T02:11:45.441936+00:00" } ], "claim_id": "cost-kkg-lto-base" }, { "id": "kkg-lto-winter-only", "technology": "nuclear life extension", "metric": "incremental-investment break-even wholesale price", "value": 78, "unit": "CHF/MWh", "currency": "CHF", "price_year": 2025, "price_basis": "real 2025 CHF output; nominal cash-flow model", "geography": "CH", "status": "commissioned study scenario", "reporting_period": "2026-03-12", "source_ids": [ "bfe-lto-2026-background" ], "locator": "Summary pp.8–9; Annex B pp.99–108", "finance": { "nominal_pre_tax_wacc": 0.07, "future_inflation": 0.01 }, "capacity_factor": null, "output_basis": "winter-only", "boundary": "Incremental NPV; operating/fuel/waste costs included, no new construction", "omissions": [ "Additional scheduled decommissioning costs omitted by study mandate, assumes existing funding sufficient at 60 years" ], "uncertainty": "Early closure includes continuing costs after shutdown; winter-only assumes six months. 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"metric": "generation-weighted reference market price", "value": 38.96, "unit": "CHF/MWh", "currency": "CHF", "price_year": 2026, "price_basis": "not explicitly fixed-price indexed", "geography": "CH", "status": "official measured-profile market benchmark", "reporting_period": "2026-Q2", "source_ids": [ "bfe-market-prices-2026", "bfe-market-price-method" ], "locator": "Quarter Q2, technology table, PDF pp.2–5", "finance": null, "capacity_factor": null, "output_basis": null, "boundary": "Swiss day-ahead prices weighted by actual quarter-hour injection of measured cohort; VAT excluded", "omissions": [ "capacity and flexibility value", "subsidies/PPA/retail offsets", "plant costs" ], "uncertainty": null, "comparability": "Revenue benchmark, not LCOE, complete VALCOE, plant revenue or national generation weighting", "converted_value": null, "reviewed_at": "2026-09-17", "source_dates": [ { "source_id": "bfe-market-prices-2026", "publication_date": "2026-07-14", "publication_date_precision": 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"price_year": 2026, "price_basis": "not explicitly fixed-price indexed", "geography": "CH", "status": "official measured-profile market benchmark", "reporting_period": "2026-Q2", "source_ids": [ "bfe-market-prices-2026", "bfe-market-price-method" ], "locator": "Quarter Q2, technology table, PDF pp.2–5", "finance": null, "capacity_factor": null, "output_basis": null, "boundary": "Swiss day-ahead prices weighted by actual quarter-hour injection of measured cohort; VAT excluded", "omissions": [ "capacity and flexibility value", "subsidies/PPA/retail offsets", "plant costs" ], "uncertainty": null, "comparability": "Revenue benchmark, not LCOE, complete VALCOE, plant revenue or national generation weighting", "converted_value": null, "reviewed_at": "2026-09-17", "source_dates": [ { "source_id": "bfe-market-prices-2026", "publication_date": "2026-07-14", "publication_date_precision": "day", "report_date_printed": null, "reporting_period": null, "retrieved_at_utc": 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"full_cycles_year": 100, "life_years": 15, "real_rate": 0.07, "round_trip_efficiency": 0.85, "power_cost_chf_kw": 600, "energy_cost_chf_kwh": 225, "capital_chf": 1500000, "annual_fom_including_augmentation_fraction": 0.04, "charge_price_chf_mwh": 40, "annual_discharge_mwh": 400, "minimum_charge_discharge_hours": 870.5882352941178, "chronologically_possible_at_same_charge_power": true, "storage_service_cost_chf_mwh": 561.7298426287743, "charging_cost_per_discharged_mwh": 47.05882352941177, "lcos_including_charging_chf_mwh": 608.7886661581861, "claim_id": "cost-storage-100" }, { "power_mw": 1, "usable_ac_energy_mwh": 4, "duration_hours": 4, "full_cycles_year": 250, "life_years": 15, "real_rate": 0.07, "round_trip_efficiency": 0.85, "power_cost_chf_kw": 600, "energy_cost_chf_kwh": 225, "capital_chf": 1500000, "annual_fom_including_augmentation_fraction": 0.04, "charge_price_chf_mwh": 40, "annual_discharge_mwh": 1000, "minimum_charge_discharge_hours": 2176.4705882352946, 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commissioning; unchanged physical plant and no future learning. Construction duration and idle delay are different experiments.", "storage": "Selected four-hour cases include charging once. A necessary charging/discharging time-budget check passes; suitable market opportunities are not established.", "observations": "Original currencies and price years retained. No cross-technology total-cost ranking or inflation conversion." }, "review_notes": [ { "source_id": "bfe-market-price-method", "field": "printed_update_date", "original_research_value": "2026-04-10", "reviewed_value": "2026-04-01", "locator": "Archived PDF cover, page 1; earlier research remains unchanged." } ] }