{ "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18", "parameters": { "edition": "2035 screening, 18 September 2026", "target_year": 2035, "solar_gwp": 26, "solar_2025_gwp": 9.4986, "nuclear_net_gw": { "goesgen": 1.01, "leibstadt": 1.233 }, "maintenance_days": 30, "other_nuclear_availability": 0.98, "forced_outage_days": 90, "solar_position": { "latitude": 47, "longitude": 8, "zenith_limit_degrees": 90.833, "hour_midpoint_minutes": 30 }, "fleet": { "bfe_bev_2035": 2100000, "bfs_bev_2025": 249832, "bfs_cars_2025": 4839465, "bfs_new_cars_2025": 232602, "bfs_new_bev_share_2025": 0.227, "assumed_new_bev_share_2035": 1 }, "vehicle": { "compatible_fraction": 0.5, "equipped_fraction_of_compatible": 0.5, "participation_fraction_of_equipped": 0.4, "connected_fraction_18_to_07": 0.7, "connected_fraction_08_to_17": 0.2, "charge_kw": 7, "v2g_export_kw": 7, "v2h_local_load_limit_kw": 2, "usable_pack_kwh": 60, "minimum_stock_kwh": 20, "maximum_stock_kwh": 50, "annual_km": 12000, "battery_kwh_per_km": 0.18, "charge_efficiency": 0.9, "discharge_efficiency": 0.9 }, "boundary": "National bus with constant symmetric loss uplift for household charging and avoided household load/export. Future fleet, equipment, connection, driving and commercial participation are analyst assumptions except the explicitly identified BFE scenario and BFS observations. No vehicle-level trip validation, degradation price, owner profitability, distribution grid or islanded-home proof." }, "fleet_trajectory": [ { "year": 2025, "bev_stock": 249832, "new_bev_share": 0.227 }, { "year": 2026, "bev_stock": 308604.96896208543, "new_bev_share": 0.3043 }, { "year": 2027, "bev_stock": 382533.23338874604, "new_bev_share": 0.38160000000000005 }, { "year": 2028, "bev_stock": 470888.3755652858, "new_bev_share": 0.4589 }, { "year": 2029, "bev_stock": 572976.9881381278, "new_bev_share": 0.5362 }, { "year": 2030, "bev_stock": 688138.9913916177, "new_bev_share": 0.6135 }, { "year": 2031, "bev_stock": 815746.031402522, "new_bev_share": 0.6908 }, { "year": 2032, "bev_stock": 955199.9551849533, "new_bev_share": 0.7681 }, { "year": 2033, "bev_stock": 1105931.3591252838, "new_bev_share": 0.8454 }, { "year": 2034, "bev_stock": 1267398.2071844705, "new_bev_share": 0.9227 }, { "year": 2035, "bev_stock": 1439084.5155145188, "new_bev_share": 1.0 } ], "cases": [ { "natural_release_gwh": 17926.964686953885, "natural_spill_gwh": 1804.9993130460161, "imports_gwh": 8360.697383762406, "exports_gwh": 10775.704758510052, "unserved_gwh": 2555.6857744809754, "curtailment_gwh": 2977.214231115107, "nant_de_drance_charge_gwh": 675.8406853535637, "nant_de_drance_discharge_gwh": 540.6725482828509, "limmern_charge_gwh": 766.7253924165111, "limmern_discharge_gwh": 613.3803139332089, "hongrin_leman_charge_gwh": 452.813221176049, "hongrin_leman_discharge_gwh": 362.2505769408377, "grimsel2_charge_gwh": 349.52531413880416, "grimsel2_discharge_gwh": 279.62025131104406, "unserved_peak_gw": 2.28209526160838, "shortage_hours": 1224, "solve_seconds": 24.914884486002848, "audit": { "max_equation_residual_gwh": 1.6640022693081846e-12, "max_bound_violation": 1.4210854715202004e-14, "max_inequality_violation": 0.0, "simultaneous_max_gw": 0.0, "hours": 8784, "minimum_shortfall_gwh": 2555.6857744809504, "initial_final_stocks_gwh": { "natural_stock": 8498.695717222494, "nant_de_drance_stock": 18.83625673799723, "limmern_stock": 35.536725, "hongrin_leman_stock": 100.0, "grimsel2_stock": 55.917 } }, "case": { "id": "2012-fixed", "year": 2012, "mode": "fixed", "imports": 2, "forced": true, "fleet": "bfe" }, "options": { "pumped_stores": [ { "id": "nant_de_drance", "pump_gw": 0.9, "turbine_gw": 0.9, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 20, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "limmern", "pump_gw": 1, "turbine_gw": 1, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 35.536725, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "hongrin_leman", "pump_gw": 0.42, "turbine_gw": 0.42, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 100, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "grimsel2", "pump_gw": 0.392, "turbine_gw": 0.388, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 55.917, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 } ], "natural_capacity_gwh": 8510.546275, "natural_turbine_gw": 9.20488, "battery_rte": 0.85, "battery_max_gw": 20, "battery_max_gwh": 10000, "export_gw": 8, "battery_power_chf_per_kw": 600, "battery_energy_chf_per_kwh": 225, "import_gw": 2 }, "fleet_bev": 2100000, "participants": 210000.0, "partitions": [ { "season": "winter", "period": "day", "hours": 1849, "demand_gwh": 18596.05414372331, "peak_demand_gw": 17.950283437460566, "solar_gwh": 8649.628669241916, "nuclear_gwh": 2932.14628, "shortfall_gwh": 735.8302805573168, "peak_shortfall_gw": 2.28209526160838, "imports_gwh": 2775.5688697562327 }, { "season": "winter", "period": "night", "hours": 2543, "demand_gwh": 25503.83481630945, "peak_demand_gw": 18.689976311033668, "solar_gwh": 44.02025178469975, "nuclear_gwh": 4113.278539999999, "shortfall_gwh": 1819.8554939236585, "peak_shortfall_gw": 2.28209526160838, "imports_gwh": 4861.023912367604 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "day", "hours": 2607, "demand_gwh": 23902.670266680063, "peak_demand_gw": 15.62265486147208, "solar_gwh": 21891.999464478355, "nuclear_gwh": 4741.3879799999995, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 228.42377451529075 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "night", "hours": 1785, "demand_gwh": 12750.294494788639, "peak_demand_gw": 12.070461148889121, "solar_gwh": 59.062503041372196, "nuclear_gwh": 3330.1820999999995, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 495.6808271232797 } ], "base_demand_gwh": 80752.85372150145, "final_demand_gwh": 75443.80466954176, "solar_gwh": 30644.710888546342, "nuclear_gwh": 15116.994900000002, "other_gwh": 3697.54, "road_cars_reference_twh": 5.597994733481102, "vehicle_driving_gwh": 453.6000000000001, "vehicle_charge_meter_gwh": 504.0, "vehicle_discharge_meter_gwh": 0.0, "winter_shortfall_gwh": 2555.6857744809754, "winter_net_imports_gwh": 6462.4803405676685 }, { "natural_release_gwh": 17753.779852815034, "natural_spill_gwh": 1978.1841471848925, "imports_gwh": 8331.739838113426, "exports_gwh": 10695.911543737033, "unserved_gwh": 2461.7727742819143, "curtailment_gwh": 2773.1649269712334, "nant_de_drance_charge_gwh": 652.7412028833076, "nant_de_drance_discharge_gwh": 522.1929623066461, "limmern_charge_gwh": 757.1582493070374, "limmern_discharge_gwh": 605.72659944563, "hongrin_leman_charge_gwh": 436.2641155071262, "hongrin_leman_discharge_gwh": 349.01129240569946, "grimsel2_charge_gwh": 337.6767400374326, "grimsel2_discharge_gwh": 270.1413920299467, "vehicle_charge_gwh": 504.00000000000034, "vehicle_discharge_gwh": 0.0, "unserved_peak_gw": 2.112301612237719, "shortage_hours": 1248, "solve_seconds": 25.368251442007022, "audit": { "max_equation_residual_gwh": 1.6640022693081846e-12, "max_bound_violation": 0.0, "max_inequality_violation": 0.0, "simultaneous_max_gw": 0.0, "hours": 8784, "minimum_shortfall_gwh": 2461.7727742819657, "initial_final_stocks_gwh": { "natural_stock": 8499.576024272581, "nant_de_drance_stock": 20.0, "limmern_stock": 34.536725, "hongrin_leman_stock": 100.0, "grimsel2_stock": 55.917, "vehicle_stock": 7.684207119019201 } }, "case": { "id": "2012-smart", "year": 2012, "mode": "smart", "imports": 2, "forced": true, "fleet": "bfe" }, "options": { "pumped_stores": [ { "id": "nant_de_drance", "pump_gw": 0.9, "turbine_gw": 0.9, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 20, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "limmern", "pump_gw": 1, "turbine_gw": 1, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 35.536725, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "hongrin_leman", "pump_gw": 0.42, "turbine_gw": 0.42, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 100, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "grimsel2", "pump_gw": 0.392, "turbine_gw": 0.388, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 55.917, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 } ], "natural_capacity_gwh": 8510.546275, "natural_turbine_gw": 9.20488, "battery_rte": 0.85, "battery_max_gw": 20, "battery_max_gwh": 10000, "export_gw": 8, "battery_power_chf_per_kw": 600, "battery_energy_chf_per_kwh": 225, "import_gw": 2 }, "fleet_bev": 2100000, "participants": 210000.0, "partitions": [ { "season": "winter", "period": "day", "hours": 1849, "demand_gwh": 18733.02091396775, "peak_demand_gw": 17.922797793289593, "solar_gwh": 8649.628669241916, "nuclear_gwh": 2932.14628, "shortfall_gwh": 693.2279512338691, "peak_shortfall_gw": 2.112301612237719, "imports_gwh": 2791.660106091042 }, { "season": "winter", "period": "night", "hours": 2543, "demand_gwh": 25366.66390675302, "peak_demand_gw": 18.520182661663007, "solar_gwh": 44.02025178469975, "nuclear_gwh": 4113.278539999999, "shortfall_gwh": 1768.544823048045, "peak_shortfall_gw": 2.112301612237719, "imports_gwh": 4848.020059652013 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "day", "hours": 2607, "demand_gwh": 24011.74103628535, "peak_demand_gw": 15.45286121210142, "solar_gwh": 21891.999464478355, "nuclear_gwh": 4741.3879799999995, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 223.670963856874 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "night", "hours": 1785, "demand_gwh": 12641.427864495343, "peak_demand_gw": 11.90066749951846, "solar_gwh": 59.062503041372196, "nuclear_gwh": 3330.1820999999995, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 468.38870851349617 } ], "base_demand_gwh": 80752.85372150145, "final_demand_gwh": 75443.80466954176, "solar_gwh": 30644.710888546342, "nuclear_gwh": 15116.994900000002, "other_gwh": 3697.54, "road_cars_reference_twh": 5.597994733481102, "vehicle_driving_gwh": 453.6000000000001, "vehicle_charge_meter_gwh": 504.00000000000034, "vehicle_discharge_meter_gwh": 0.0, "winter_shortfall_gwh": 2461.7727742819143, "winter_net_imports_gwh": 6539.586619232484 }, { "natural_release_gwh": 17754.516829505883, "natural_spill_gwh": 1977.447170494007, "imports_gwh": 8336.068124933405, "exports_gwh": 10683.308631242797, "unserved_gwh": 2448.0251956637353, "curtailment_gwh": 2773.6589224858467, "nant_de_drance_charge_gwh": 637.1649709421756, "nant_de_drance_discharge_gwh": 509.7319767537406, "limmern_charge_gwh": 722.1262669336726, "limmern_discharge_gwh": 577.7010135469379, "hongrin_leman_charge_gwh": 411.4081092817772, "hongrin_leman_discharge_gwh": 329.1264874254204, "grimsel2_charge_gwh": 351.00597126162137, "grimsel2_discharge_gwh": 280.80477700929765, "vehicle_charge_gwh": 581.9542847894205, "vehicle_discharge_gwh": 63.142970679430334, "unserved_peak_gw": 2.1123011858968956, "shortage_hours": 1243, "solve_seconds": 32.97553004301153, "audit": { "max_equation_residual_gwh": 1.6640022693081846e-12, "max_bound_violation": 0.0, "max_inequality_violation": 0.0, "simultaneous_max_gw": 0.0, "hours": 8784, "minimum_shortfall_gwh": 2448.0251955872172, "initial_final_stocks_gwh": { "natural_stock": 8500.005394866308, "nant_de_drance_stock": 18.731777242912717, "limmern_stock": 35.141528588309136, "hongrin_leman_stock": 100.0, "grimsel2_stock": 55.917, "vehicle_stock": 9.329538797814209 } }, "case": { "id": "2012-v2h", "year": 2012, "mode": "v2h", "imports": 2, "forced": true, "fleet": "bfe" }, "options": { "pumped_stores": [ { "id": "nant_de_drance", "pump_gw": 0.9, "turbine_gw": 0.9, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 20, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "limmern", "pump_gw": 1, "turbine_gw": 1, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 35.536725, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "hongrin_leman", "pump_gw": 0.42, "turbine_gw": 0.42, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 100, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "grimsel2", "pump_gw": 0.392, "turbine_gw": 0.388, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 55.917, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 } ], "natural_capacity_gwh": 8510.546275, "natural_turbine_gw": 9.20488, "battery_rte": 0.85, "battery_max_gw": 20, "battery_max_gwh": 10000, "export_gw": 8, "battery_power_chf_per_kw": 600, "battery_energy_chf_per_kwh": 225, "import_gw": 2 }, "fleet_bev": 2100000, "participants": 210000.0, "partitions": [ { "season": "winter", "period": "day", "hours": 1849, "demand_gwh": 18779.910468812028, "peak_demand_gw": 17.780489788089906, "solar_gwh": 8649.628669241916, "nuclear_gwh": 2932.14628, "shortfall_gwh": 739.3816190742787, "peak_shortfall_gw": 2.1123011858968956, "imports_gwh": 2798.778480117089 }, { "season": "winter", "period": "night", "hours": 2543, "demand_gwh": 25325.229141826254, "peak_demand_gw": 18.520182335322183, "solar_gwh": 44.02025178469975, "nuclear_gwh": 4113.278539999999, "shortfall_gwh": 1708.643576589457, "peak_shortfall_gw": 2.1123011858968956, "imports_gwh": 4848.977857624244 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "day", "hours": 2607, "demand_gwh": 24035.56358187768, "peak_demand_gw": 15.45286121210142, "solar_gwh": 21891.999464478355, "nuclear_gwh": 4741.3879799999995, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 220.7935335216356 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "night", "hours": 1785, "demand_gwh": 12628.004128720917, "peak_demand_gw": 11.90066749951846, "solar_gwh": 59.062503041372196, "nuclear_gwh": 3330.1820999999995, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 467.5182536704364 } ], "base_demand_gwh": 80752.85372150145, "final_demand_gwh": 75443.80466954176, "solar_gwh": 30644.710888546342, "nuclear_gwh": 15116.994900000002, "other_gwh": 3697.54, "road_cars_reference_twh": 5.597994733481102, "vehicle_driving_gwh": 453.6000000000001, "vehicle_charge_meter_gwh": 581.9542847894205, "vehicle_discharge_meter_gwh": 63.142970679430334, "winter_shortfall_gwh": 2448.0251956637353, "winter_net_imports_gwh": 6553.8221799024295 }, { "natural_release_gwh": 17754.516829505883, "natural_spill_gwh": 1977.447170494007, "imports_gwh": 8336.068124933408, "exports_gwh": 10683.308631242802, "unserved_gwh": 2448.0251956637244, "curtailment_gwh": 2773.658922485847, "nant_de_drance_charge_gwh": 618.7825542638739, "nant_de_drance_discharge_gwh": 495.02604341109907, "limmern_charge_gwh": 728.3565695293697, "limmern_discharge_gwh": 582.6852556234956, "hongrin_leman_charge_gwh": 421.5262371384846, "hongrin_leman_discharge_gwh": 337.22098971078594, "grimsel2_charge_gwh": 353.0399574875131, "grimsel2_discharge_gwh": 282.43196599001124, "vehicle_charge_gwh": 581.9542847893579, "vehicle_discharge_gwh": 63.14297067937957, "unserved_peak_gw": 2.112301185951178, "shortage_hours": 1248, "solve_seconds": 38.63889532099711, "audit": { "max_equation_residual_gwh": 1.6640022693081846e-12, "max_bound_violation": 4.263256414560601e-14, "max_inequality_violation": 0.0, "simultaneous_max_gw": 0.0, "hours": 8784, "minimum_shortfall_gwh": 2448.0251955872086, "initial_final_stocks_gwh": { "natural_stock": 8498.576024272581, "nant_de_drance_stock": 20.0, "limmern_stock": 35.536725, "hongrin_leman_stock": 99.60480358830891, "grimsel2_stock": 55.917, "vehicle_stock": 9.496820205085541 } }, "case": { "id": "2012-v2g", "year": 2012, "mode": "v2g", "imports": 2, "forced": true, "fleet": "bfe" }, "options": { "pumped_stores": [ { "id": "nant_de_drance", "pump_gw": 0.9, "turbine_gw": 0.9, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 20, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "limmern", "pump_gw": 1, "turbine_gw": 1, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 35.536725, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "hongrin_leman", "pump_gw": 0.42, "turbine_gw": 0.42, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 100, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "grimsel2", "pump_gw": 0.392, "turbine_gw": 0.388, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 55.917, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 } ], "natural_capacity_gwh": 8510.546275, "natural_turbine_gw": 9.20488, "battery_rte": 0.85, "battery_max_gw": 20, "battery_max_gwh": 10000, "export_gw": 8, "battery_power_chf_per_kw": 600, "battery_energy_chf_per_kwh": 225, "import_gw": 2 }, "fleet_bev": 2100000, "participants": 210000.0, "partitions": [ { "season": "winter", "period": "day", "hours": 1849, "demand_gwh": 18775.356828270593, "peak_demand_gw": 17.780489788089906, "solar_gwh": 8649.628669241916, "nuclear_gwh": 2932.14628, "shortfall_gwh": 679.3778086886588, "peak_shortfall_gw": 2.112301185951178, "imports_gwh": 2797.2891735212124 }, { "season": "winter", "period": "night", "hours": 2543, "demand_gwh": 25329.62163453104, "peak_demand_gw": 18.520182335376465, "solar_gwh": 44.02025178469975, "nuclear_gwh": 4113.278539999999, "shortfall_gwh": 1768.6473869750655, "peak_shortfall_gw": 2.112301185951178, "imports_gwh": 4848.435770303213 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "day", "hours": 2607, "demand_gwh": 24030.41051075497, "peak_demand_gw": 15.45286121210142, "solar_gwh": 21891.999464478355, "nuclear_gwh": 4741.3879799999995, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 223.10271225359716 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "night", "hours": 1785, "demand_gwh": 12633.318347680259, "peak_demand_gw": 11.90066749951846, "solar_gwh": 59.062503041372196, "nuclear_gwh": 3330.1820999999995, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 467.24046885538695 } ], "base_demand_gwh": 80752.85372150145, "final_demand_gwh": 75443.80466954176, "solar_gwh": 30644.710888546342, "nuclear_gwh": 15116.994900000002, "other_gwh": 3697.54, "road_cars_reference_twh": 5.597994733481102, "vehicle_driving_gwh": 453.6000000000001, "vehicle_charge_meter_gwh": 581.9542847893579, "vehicle_discharge_meter_gwh": 63.14297067937957, "winter_shortfall_gwh": 2448.0251956637244, "winter_net_imports_gwh": 6551.790785985516 }, { "natural_release_gwh": 14708.064000000002, "natural_spill_gwh": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 8660.011813842713, "exports_gwh": 9154.543248026444, "unserved_gwh": 2306.1959870084297, "curtailment_gwh": 1643.3124846205073, "nant_de_drance_charge_gwh": 1945.4511710974698, "nant_de_drance_discharge_gwh": 1556.3609368779757, "limmern_charge_gwh": 2169.3141887282513, "limmern_discharge_gwh": 1735.4513509826013, "hongrin_leman_charge_gwh": 924.9701772228998, "hongrin_leman_discharge_gwh": 739.9761417783163, "grimsel2_charge_gwh": 863.4864325678577, "grimsel2_discharge_gwh": 690.7891460542871, "unserved_peak_gw": 0.7046165785531138, "shortage_hours": 3324, "solve_seconds": 45.07098411998595, "audit": { "max_equation_residual_gwh": 1.5099033134902129e-12, "max_bound_violation": 6.106226635438361e-16, "max_inequality_violation": 0.0, "simultaneous_max_gw": 0.0, "hours": 8760, "minimum_shortfall_gwh": 2306.195987008375, "initial_final_stocks_gwh": { "natural_stock": 8479.274077166288, "nant_de_drance_stock": 17.998437124759157, "limmern_stock": 19.893448852580786, "hongrin_leman_stock": 88.56303306509399, "grimsel2_stock": 49.01779999999998 } }, "case": { "id": "2022-fixed", "year": 2022, "mode": "fixed", "imports": 2, "forced": true, "fleet": "bfe" }, "options": { "pumped_stores": [ { "id": "nant_de_drance", "pump_gw": 0.9, "turbine_gw": 0.9, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 20, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "limmern", "pump_gw": 1, "turbine_gw": 1, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 35.536725, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "hongrin_leman", "pump_gw": 0.42, "turbine_gw": 0.42, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 100, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "grimsel2", "pump_gw": 0.392, "turbine_gw": 0.388, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 55.917, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 } ], "natural_capacity_gwh": 8510.546275, "natural_turbine_gw": 9.20488, "battery_rte": 0.85, "battery_max_gw": 20, "battery_max_gwh": 10000, "export_gw": 8, "battery_power_chf_per_kw": 600, "battery_energy_chf_per_kwh": 225, "import_gw": 2 }, "fleet_bev": 2100000, "participants": 210000.0, "partitions": [ { "season": "winter", "period": "day", "hours": 1837, "demand_gwh": 18060.51229727463, "peak_demand_gw": 12.87211309773194, "solar_gwh": 8851.380212710768, "nuclear_gwh": 2904.5602599999997, "shortfall_gwh": 662.1594790069979, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.7046165785531138, "imports_gwh": 2818.1495679596374 }, { "season": "winter", "period": "night", "hours": 2531, "demand_gwh": 24716.599911446494, "peak_demand_gw": 14.54291929807976, "solar_gwh": 63.96782718969837, "nuclear_gwh": 4088.1092, "shortfall_gwh": 1596.5754394397936, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.7046165785531138, "imports_gwh": 5058.018588894464 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "day", "hours": 2606, "demand_gwh": 24994.618764074738, "peak_demand_gw": 17.69140550751704, "solar_gwh": 24512.26004987728, "nuclear_gwh": 4739.189839999999, "shortfall_gwh": 15.61720664901812, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.7046165785531138, "imports_gwh": 257.8805958443161 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "night", "hours": 1786, "demand_gwh": 12851.186580252786, "peak_demand_gw": 13.652310456307687, "solar_gwh": 47.558248990002355, "nuclear_gwh": 3332.3802399999995, "shortfall_gwh": 31.843861912619833, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.7046165785531138, "imports_gwh": 525.9630611442956 } ], "base_demand_gwh": 80622.91755304864, "final_demand_gwh": 75322.41107834967, "solar_gwh": 33475.16633876775, "nuclear_gwh": 15064.239539999999, "other_gwh": 3697.54, "road_cars_reference_twh": 5.597994733481102, "vehicle_driving_gwh": 453.6, "vehicle_charge_meter_gwh": 503.99999999999994, "vehicle_discharge_meter_gwh": 0.0, "winter_shortfall_gwh": 2258.7349184467917, "winter_net_imports_gwh": 6789.265288804159 }, { "natural_release_gwh": 14708.064000000035, "natural_spill_gwh": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 8457.841827874425, "exports_gwh": 9009.219842098148, "unserved_gwh": 2186.3505313459104, "curtailment_gwh": 1474.0876562732976, "nant_de_drance_charge_gwh": 1924.7940497479124, "nant_de_drance_discharge_gwh": 1539.8352397983301, "limmern_charge_gwh": 2163.220635645725, "limmern_discharge_gwh": 1730.5765085165801, "hongrin_leman_charge_gwh": 929.2999399952398, "hongrin_leman_discharge_gwh": 743.4399519961894, "grimsel2_charge_gwh": 848.5713074512497, "grimsel2_discharge_gwh": 678.8570459610003, "vehicle_charge_gwh": 504.0000000000004, "vehicle_discharge_gwh": 0.0, "unserved_peak_gw": 0.6684164550523884, "shortage_hours": 3309, "solve_seconds": 41.15147300800891, "audit": { "max_equation_residual_gwh": 1.5099033134902129e-12, "max_bound_violation": 0.0, "max_inequality_violation": 0.0, "simultaneous_max_gw": 0.0, "hours": 8760, "minimum_shortfall_gwh": 2186.3505313458327, "initial_final_stocks_gwh": { "natural_stock": 8471.705951639715, "nant_de_drance_stock": 16.760000000000005, "limmern_stock": 21.43858254503934, "hongrin_leman_stock": 83.41573317392309, "grimsel2_stock": 53.721799999999995, "vehicle_stock": 8.340851793494684 } }, "case": { "id": "2022-smart", "year": 2022, "mode": "smart", "imports": 2, "forced": true, "fleet": "bfe" }, "options": { "pumped_stores": [ { "id": "nant_de_drance", "pump_gw": 0.9, "turbine_gw": 0.9, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 20, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "limmern", "pump_gw": 1, "turbine_gw": 1, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 35.536725, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "hongrin_leman", "pump_gw": 0.42, "turbine_gw": 0.42, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 100, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "grimsel2", "pump_gw": 0.392, "turbine_gw": 0.388, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 55.917, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 } ], "natural_capacity_gwh": 8510.546275, "natural_turbine_gw": 9.20488, "battery_rte": 0.85, "battery_max_gw": 20, "battery_max_gwh": 10000, "export_gw": 8, "battery_power_chf_per_kw": 600, "battery_energy_chf_per_kwh": 225, "import_gw": 2 }, "fleet_bev": 2100000, "participants": 210000.0, "partitions": [ { "season": "winter", "period": "day", "hours": 1837, "demand_gwh": 18201.966967556174, "peak_demand_gw": 12.846755398537091, "solar_gwh": 8851.380212710768, "nuclear_gwh": 2904.5602599999997, "shortfall_gwh": 645.8531206157483, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.6684164550523884, "imports_gwh": 2836.978472576401 }, { "season": "winter", "period": "night", "hours": 2531, "demand_gwh": 24574.275018512213, "peak_demand_gw": 14.874049501240622, "solar_gwh": 63.96782718969837, "nuclear_gwh": 4088.1092, "shortfall_gwh": 1496.316893608355, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.6684164550523884, "imports_gwh": 5057.688938804931 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "day", "hours": 2606, "demand_gwh": 25104.82414059875, "peak_demand_gw": 17.52114667006591, "solar_gwh": 24512.26004987728, "nuclear_gwh": 4739.189839999999, "shortfall_gwh": 14.817131081419065, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.6684164550523884, "imports_gwh": 209.18293986214724 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "night", "hours": 1786, "demand_gwh": 12741.851426381509, "peak_demand_gw": 13.48205161885656, "solar_gwh": 47.558248990002355, "nuclear_gwh": 3332.3802399999995, "shortfall_gwh": 29.363386040388143, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.6684164550523884, "imports_gwh": 353.9914766309438 } ], "base_demand_gwh": 80622.91755304864, "final_demand_gwh": 75322.41107834967, "solar_gwh": 33475.16633876775, "nuclear_gwh": 15064.239539999999, "other_gwh": 3697.54, "road_cars_reference_twh": 5.597994733481102, "vehicle_driving_gwh": 453.6, "vehicle_charge_meter_gwh": 504.0000000000004, "vehicle_discharge_meter_gwh": 0.0, "winter_shortfall_gwh": 2142.1700142241034, "winter_net_imports_gwh": 6896.906376893695 }, { "natural_release_gwh": 14708.06400000005, "natural_spill_gwh": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 8366.73465896029, "exports_gwh": 8875.06652474532, "unserved_gwh": 2169.5436657481982, "curtailment_gwh": 1474.0876562732976, "nant_de_drance_charge_gwh": 1864.6989512296736, "nant_de_drance_discharge_gwh": 1491.759160983739, "limmern_charge_gwh": 2077.4708049583546, "limmern_discharge_gwh": 1661.976643966684, "hongrin_leman_charge_gwh": 885.9905305018567, "hongrin_leman_discharge_gwh": 708.7924244014807, "grimsel2_charge_gwh": 823.2388691557135, "grimsel2_discharge_gwh": 658.5910953245727, "vehicle_charge_gwh": 843.9541603601244, "vehicle_discharge_gwh": 275.3628698917005, "unserved_peak_gw": 0.6647733939074053, "shortage_hours": 3303, "solve_seconds": 50.84050043000025, "audit": { "max_equation_residual_gwh": 1.5099033134902129e-12, "max_bound_violation": 2.842170943040401e-14, "max_inequality_violation": 0.0, "simultaneous_max_gw": 0.0, "hours": 8760, "minimum_shortfall_gwh": 2169.5436657481578, "initial_final_stocks_gwh": { "natural_stock": 8467.32395574852, "nant_de_drance_stock": 4.729351638802502, "limmern_stock": 29.173021043702114, "hongrin_leman_stock": 92.60800000000003, "grimsel2_stock": 55.661799999999985, "vehicle_stock": 6.744846962196484 } }, "case": { "id": "2022-v2h", "year": 2022, "mode": "v2h", "imports": 2, "forced": true, "fleet": "bfe" }, "options": { "pumped_stores": [ { "id": "nant_de_drance", "pump_gw": 0.9, "turbine_gw": 0.9, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 20, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "limmern", "pump_gw": 1, "turbine_gw": 1, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 35.536725, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "hongrin_leman", "pump_gw": 0.42, "turbine_gw": 0.42, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 100, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "grimsel2", "pump_gw": 0.392, "turbine_gw": 0.388, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 55.917, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 } ], "natural_capacity_gwh": 8510.546275, "natural_turbine_gw": 9.20488, "battery_rte": 0.85, "battery_max_gw": 20, "battery_max_gwh": 10000, "export_gw": 8, "battery_power_chf_per_kw": 600, "battery_energy_chf_per_kwh": 225, "import_gw": 2 }, "fleet_bev": 2100000, "participants": 210000.0, "partitions": [ { "season": "winter", "period": "day", "hours": 1837, "demand_gwh": 18252.798934939015, "peak_demand_gw": 12.846755398537091, "solar_gwh": 8851.380212710768, "nuclear_gwh": 2904.5602599999997, "shortfall_gwh": 639.3168228681131, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.6647733939074053, "imports_gwh": 2852.0356503622656 }, { "season": "winter", "period": "night", "hours": 2531, "demand_gwh": 24531.804121517423, "peak_demand_gw": 14.898050822162926, "solar_gwh": 63.96782718969837, "nuclear_gwh": 4088.1092, "shortfall_gwh": 1487.2941275035996, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.6647733939074053, "imports_gwh": 5056.829744757555 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "day", "hours": 2606, "demand_gwh": 25320.834567398946, "peak_demand_gw": 17.48302498866921, "solar_gwh": 24512.26004987728, "nuclear_gwh": 4739.189839999999, "shortfall_gwh": 14.34745943846672, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.6647733939074053, "imports_gwh": 162.69519040664386 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "night", "hours": 1786, "demand_gwh": 12586.61656743316, "peak_demand_gw": 13.167362571848484, "solar_gwh": 47.558248990002355, "nuclear_gwh": 3332.3802399999995, "shortfall_gwh": 28.585255938018427, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.6647733939074053, "imports_gwh": 295.1740734338236 } ], "base_demand_gwh": 80622.91755304864, "final_demand_gwh": 75322.41107834967, "solar_gwh": 33475.16633876775, "nuclear_gwh": 15064.239539999999, "other_gwh": 3697.54, "road_cars_reference_twh": 5.597994733481102, "vehicle_driving_gwh": 453.6, "vehicle_charge_meter_gwh": 843.9541603601244, "vehicle_discharge_meter_gwh": 275.3628698917005, "winter_shortfall_gwh": 2126.6109503717125, "winter_net_imports_gwh": 6912.870600190228 }, { "natural_release_gwh": 14708.064000000017, "natural_spill_gwh": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 8366.734658960288, "exports_gwh": 8875.066524745314, "unserved_gwh": 2169.5436657482237, "curtailment_gwh": 1474.0876562732976, "nant_de_drance_charge_gwh": 1868.472484918438, "nant_de_drance_discharge_gwh": 1494.7779879347504, "limmern_charge_gwh": 2068.746861523521, "limmern_discharge_gwh": 1654.9974892188172, "hongrin_leman_charge_gwh": 884.4381309180984, "hongrin_leman_discharge_gwh": 707.5505047344748, "grimsel2_charge_gwh": 829.7416784855473, "grimsel2_discharge_gwh": 663.7933427884402, "vehicle_charge_gwh": 843.9541603601235, "vehicle_discharge_gwh": 275.36286989169946, "unserved_peak_gw": 0.664773393907377, "shortage_hours": 3304, "solve_seconds": 59.915122106001945, "audit": { "max_equation_residual_gwh": 1.5099033134902129e-12, "max_bound_violation": 1.4210854715202004e-14, "max_inequality_violation": 0.0, "simultaneous_max_gw": 0.0, "hours": 8760, "minimum_shortfall_gwh": 2169.5436657481514, "initial_final_stocks_gwh": { "natural_stock": 8453.862152033505, "nant_de_drance_stock": 13.986296226095268, "limmern_stock": 30.5775258713064, "hongrin_leman_stock": 97.84596025274311, "grimsel2_stock": 54.36500000000001, "vehicle_stock": 6.744846962196484 } }, "case": { "id": "2022-v2g", "year": 2022, "mode": "v2g", "imports": 2, "forced": true, "fleet": "bfe" }, "options": { "pumped_stores": [ { "id": "nant_de_drance", "pump_gw": 0.9, "turbine_gw": 0.9, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 20, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "limmern", "pump_gw": 1, "turbine_gw": 1, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 35.536725, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "hongrin_leman", "pump_gw": 0.42, "turbine_gw": 0.42, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 100, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "grimsel2", "pump_gw": 0.392, "turbine_gw": 0.388, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 55.917, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 } ], "natural_capacity_gwh": 8510.546275, "natural_turbine_gw": 9.20488, "battery_rte": 0.85, "battery_max_gw": 20, "battery_max_gwh": 10000, "export_gw": 8, "battery_power_chf_per_kw": 600, "battery_energy_chf_per_kwh": 225, "import_gw": 2 }, "fleet_bev": 2100000, "participants": 210000.0, "partitions": [ { "season": "winter", "period": "day", "hours": 1837, "demand_gwh": 18249.574723272606, "peak_demand_gw": 12.846755398537091, "solar_gwh": 8851.380212710768, "nuclear_gwh": 2904.5602599999997, "shortfall_gwh": 638.7094339917669, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.664773393907377, "imports_gwh": 2852.0356503622647 }, { "season": "winter", "period": "night", "hours": 2531, "demand_gwh": 24535.02833318383, "peak_demand_gw": 14.559360454232547, "solar_gwh": 63.96782718969837, "nuclear_gwh": 4088.1092, "shortfall_gwh": 1487.9015163799731, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.664773393907377, "imports_gwh": 5055.688938804931 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "day", "hours": 2606, "demand_gwh": 25311.387242629484, "peak_demand_gw": 17.52114667006591, "solar_gwh": 24512.26004987728, "nuclear_gwh": 4739.189839999999, "shortfall_gwh": 14.347459438466299, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.664773393907377, "imports_gwh": 170.3512183709105 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "night", "hours": 1786, "demand_gwh": 12596.063892202616, "peak_demand_gw": 12.732104655856569, "solar_gwh": 47.558248990002355, "nuclear_gwh": 3332.3802399999995, "shortfall_gwh": 28.585255938017212, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.664773393907377, "imports_gwh": 288.6588514221815 } ], "base_demand_gwh": 80622.91755304864, "final_demand_gwh": 75322.41107834967, "solar_gwh": 33475.16633876775, "nuclear_gwh": 15064.239539999999, "other_gwh": 3697.54, "road_cars_reference_twh": 5.597994733481102, "vehicle_driving_gwh": 453.6, "vehicle_charge_meter_gwh": 843.9541603601235, "vehicle_discharge_meter_gwh": 275.36286989169946, "winter_shortfall_gwh": 2126.6109503717403, "winter_net_imports_gwh": 6911.729794237604 }, { "natural_release_gwh": 19905.58104855734, "natural_spill_gwh": 3334.9229514426897, "imports_gwh": 4410.933094916592, "exports_gwh": 10476.807125809235, "unserved_gwh": 0.0, "curtailment_gwh": 2417.1451095038287, "nant_de_drance_charge_gwh": 347.5720264667968, "nant_de_drance_discharge_gwh": 278.0576211734375, "limmern_charge_gwh": 408.568349078365, "limmern_discharge_gwh": 326.85467926269195, "hongrin_leman_charge_gwh": 293.82173794557497, "hongrin_leman_discharge_gwh": 235.0573903564586, "grimsel2_charge_gwh": 225.48927427455797, "grimsel2_discharge_gwh": 180.3914194196467, "vehicle_charge_gwh": 539.3950277616859, "vehicle_discharge_gwh": 28.66997248696533, "unserved_peak_gw": 0.0, "shortage_hours": 0, "solve_seconds": 60.965169780974975, "audit": { "max_equation_residual_gwh": 1.5876189252139739e-12, "max_bound_violation": 0.0, "max_inequality_violation": 0.0, "simultaneous_max_gw": 0.0, "hours": 8784, "minimum_shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "initial_final_stocks_gwh": { "natural_stock": 8445.738217273882, "nant_de_drance_stock": 20.0, "limmern_stock": 35.536725, "hongrin_leman_stock": 100.0, "grimsel2_stock": 55.917, "vehicle_stock": 6.0726491803278755 } }, "case": { "id": "2024-v2g", "year": 2024, "mode": "v2g", "imports": 2, "forced": true, "fleet": "bfe" }, "options": { "pumped_stores": [ { "id": "nant_de_drance", "pump_gw": 0.9, "turbine_gw": 0.9, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 20, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "limmern", "pump_gw": 1, "turbine_gw": 1, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 35.536725, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "hongrin_leman", "pump_gw": 0.42, "turbine_gw": 0.42, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 100, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "grimsel2", "pump_gw": 0.392, "turbine_gw": 0.388, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 55.917, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 } ], "natural_capacity_gwh": 8510.546275, "natural_turbine_gw": 9.20488, "battery_rte": 0.85, "battery_max_gw": 20, "battery_max_gwh": 10000, "export_gw": 8, "battery_power_chf_per_kw": 600, "battery_energy_chf_per_kwh": 225, "import_gw": 2 }, "fleet_bev": 2100000, "participants": 210000.0, "partitions": [ { "season": "winter", "period": "day", "hours": 1849, "demand_gwh": 17661.558480262567, "peak_demand_gw": 13.456058086607232, "solar_gwh": 7640.411942972128, "nuclear_gwh": 2932.14628, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 1448.6098005848205 }, { "season": "winter", "period": "night", "hours": 2543, "demand_gwh": 23565.74817020665, "peak_demand_gw": 14.729861763410648, "solar_gwh": 44.73828545018022, "nuclear_gwh": 4112.0702, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 2937.19675010975 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "day", "hours": 2607, "demand_gwh": 24370.229865828936, "peak_demand_gw": 16.36285324658372, "solar_gwh": 21309.24022105342, "nuclear_gwh": 4741.3879799999995, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 6.340274938406913 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "night", "hours": 1785, "demand_gwh": 12664.63084037636, "peak_demand_gw": 12.431079268483792, "solar_gwh": 35.85871659097668, "nuclear_gwh": 3330.1820999999995, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 18.786269283614907 } ], "base_demand_gwh": 78254.96905315248, "final_demand_gwh": 73110.14196511419, "solar_gwh": 29030.249166066707, "nuclear_gwh": 15115.78656, "other_gwh": 3697.54, "road_cars_reference_twh": 5.597994733481102, "vehicle_driving_gwh": 453.6000000000001, "vehicle_charge_meter_gwh": 539.3950277616859, "vehicle_discharge_meter_gwh": 28.66997248696533, "winter_shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "winter_net_imports_gwh": 3311.8766875288184 }, { "natural_release_gwh": 14708.064000000039, "natural_spill_gwh": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 0.0, "exports_gwh": 8875.066524745323, "unserved_gwh": 10440.403602677643, "curtailment_gwh": 1474.0876562732976, "nant_de_drance_charge_gwh": 1710.2252378094986, "nant_de_drance_discharge_gwh": 1368.180190247599, "limmern_charge_gwh": 1914.6307783050834, "limmern_discharge_gwh": 1531.704622644067, "hongrin_leman_charge_gwh": 818.4322362915801, "hongrin_leman_discharge_gwh": 654.7457890332598, "grimsel2_charge_gwh": 754.2212914218262, "grimsel2_discharge_gwh": 603.3770331374618, "vehicle_charge_gwh": 818.8925102431185, "vehicle_discharge_gwh": 255.06293329692534, "unserved_peak_gw": 2.7695568258795955, "shortage_hours": 3958, "solve_seconds": 106.89333386498038, "audit": { "max_equation_residual_gwh": 1.5099033134902129e-12, "max_bound_violation": 1.4210854715202004e-14, "max_inequality_violation": 0.0, "simultaneous_max_gw": 0.0, "hours": 8760, "minimum_shortfall_gwh": 10440.403602677285, "initial_final_stocks_gwh": { "natural_stock": 8491.959495091916, "nant_de_drance_stock": 18.492214062567054, "limmern_stock": 31.30258254503935, "hongrin_leman_stock": 99.79978087527627, "grimsel2_stock": 55.917, "vehicle_stock": 8.340851793494684 } }, "case": { "id": "2022-v2g-noimports", "year": 2022, "mode": "v2g", "imports": 0, "forced": true, "fleet": "bfe" }, "options": { "pumped_stores": [ { "id": "nant_de_drance", "pump_gw": 0.9, "turbine_gw": 0.9, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 20, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "limmern", "pump_gw": 1, "turbine_gw": 1, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 35.536725, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "hongrin_leman", "pump_gw": 0.42, "turbine_gw": 0.42, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 100, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "grimsel2", "pump_gw": 0.392, "turbine_gw": 0.388, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 55.917, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 } ], "natural_capacity_gwh": 8510.546275, "natural_turbine_gw": 9.20488, "battery_rte": 0.85, "battery_max_gw": 20, "battery_max_gwh": 10000, "export_gw": 8, "battery_power_chf_per_kw": 600, "battery_energy_chf_per_kwh": 225, "import_gw": 0 }, "fleet_bev": 2100000, "participants": 210000.0, "partitions": [ { "season": "winter", "period": "day", "hours": 1837, "demand_gwh": 18230.262099985124, "peak_demand_gw": 12.846755398537091, "solar_gwh": 8851.380212710768, "nuclear_gwh": 2904.5602599999997, "shortfall_gwh": 3102.2546817911984, "peak_shortfall_gw": 2.7695568258795955, "imports_gwh": 0.0 }, { "season": "winter", "period": "night", "hours": 2531, "demand_gwh": 24549.649037769203, "peak_demand_gw": 14.874049501240622, "solar_gwh": 63.96782718969837, "nuclear_gwh": 4088.1092, "shortfall_gwh": 6795.910049495724, "peak_shortfall_gw": 2.7695568258795955, "imports_gwh": 0.0 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "day", "hours": 2606, "demand_gwh": 25289.89133263228, "peak_demand_gw": 17.52114667006591, "solar_gwh": 24512.26004987728, "nuclear_gwh": 4739.189839999999, "shortfall_gwh": 170.47595597165505, "peak_shortfall_gw": 2.7695568258795955, "imports_gwh": 0.0 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "night", "hours": 1786, "demand_gwh": 12617.154921274598, "peak_demand_gw": 13.48205161885656, "solar_gwh": 47.558248990002355, "nuclear_gwh": 3332.3802399999995, "shortfall_gwh": 371.76291541906716, "peak_shortfall_gw": 2.7695568258795955, "imports_gwh": 0.0 } ], "base_demand_gwh": 80622.91755304864, "final_demand_gwh": 75322.41107834967, "solar_gwh": 33475.16633876775, "nuclear_gwh": 15064.239539999999, "other_gwh": 3697.54, "road_cars_reference_twh": 5.597994733481102, "vehicle_driving_gwh": 453.6, "vehicle_charge_meter_gwh": 818.8925102431185, "vehicle_discharge_meter_gwh": 255.06293329692534, "winter_shortfall_gwh": 9898.16473128692, "winter_net_imports_gwh": -995.9947949295918 }, { "natural_release_gwh": 14708.064000000037, "natural_spill_gwh": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 8434.331904643968, "exports_gwh": 8932.86800208336, "unserved_gwh": 2212.0267705777983, "curtailment_gwh": 1526.1946739423872, "nant_de_drance_charge_gwh": 1902.012833450007, "nant_de_drance_discharge_gwh": 1521.6102667600057, "limmern_charge_gwh": 2093.9233055560453, "limmern_discharge_gwh": 1675.1386444448365, "hongrin_leman_charge_gwh": 905.9937714055851, "hongrin_leman_discharge_gwh": 724.7950171244628, "grimsel2_charge_gwh": 853.6088411057158, "grimsel2_discharge_gwh": 682.8870728845748, "vehicle_charge_gwh": 583.7657976199547, "vehicle_discharge_gwh": 193.0922662561408, "unserved_peak_gw": 0.6770399906941905, "shortage_hours": 3310, "solve_seconds": 58.392770214995835, "audit": { "max_equation_residual_gwh": 1.5099033134902129e-12, "max_bound_violation": 1.4210854715202004e-14, "max_inequality_violation": 0.0, "simultaneous_max_gw": 0.0, "hours": 8760, "minimum_shortfall_gwh": 2212.026770577725, "initial_final_stocks_gwh": { "natural_stock": 8489.931145778944, "nant_de_drance_stock": 6.784813797108837, "limmern_stock": 19.167027409767538, "hongrin_leman_stock": 92.60800000000003, "grimsel2_stock": 42.079562783661764, "vehicle_stock": 4.587683154541204 } }, "case": { "id": "2022-v2g-slowerfleet", "year": 2022, "mode": "v2g", "imports": 2, "forced": true, "fleet": "sales-paced" }, "options": { "pumped_stores": [ { "id": "nant_de_drance", "pump_gw": 0.9, "turbine_gw": 0.9, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 20, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "limmern", "pump_gw": 1, "turbine_gw": 1, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 35.536725, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "hongrin_leman", "pump_gw": 0.42, "turbine_gw": 0.42, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 100, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "grimsel2", "pump_gw": 0.392, "turbine_gw": 0.388, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 55.917, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 } ], "natural_capacity_gwh": 8510.546275, "natural_turbine_gw": 9.20488, "battery_rte": 0.85, "battery_max_gw": 20, "battery_max_gwh": 10000, "export_gw": 8, "battery_power_chf_per_kw": 600, "battery_energy_chf_per_kwh": 225, "import_gw": 2 }, "fleet_bev": 1439084.5155145188, "participants": 143908.4515514519, "partitions": [ { "season": "winter", "period": "day", "hours": 1837, "demand_gwh": 18189.983242238108, "peak_demand_gw": 12.854736015703187, "solar_gwh": 8851.380212710768, "nuclear_gwh": 2904.5602599999997, "shortfall_gwh": 645.525902399602, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.6770399906941905, "imports_gwh": 2841.49104409957 }, { "season": "winter", "period": "night", "hours": 2531, "demand_gwh": 24592.397251885483, "peak_demand_gw": 14.9326624235818, "solar_gwh": 63.96782718969837, "nuclear_gwh": 4088.1092, "shortfall_gwh": 1522.1761643788877, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.6770399906941905, "imports_gwh": 5057.792686828091 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "day", "hours": 2606, "demand_gwh": 25211.73434393084, "peak_demand_gw": 17.57473081389541, "solar_gwh": 24512.26004987728, "nuclear_gwh": 4739.189839999999, "shortfall_gwh": 15.013543645753392, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.6770399906941905, "imports_gwh": 196.02221552097228 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "night", "hours": 1786, "demand_gwh": 12677.283289605908, "peak_demand_gw": 13.535635762686058, "solar_gwh": 47.558248990002355, "nuclear_gwh": 3332.3802399999995, "shortfall_gwh": 29.31116015355538, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.6770399906941905, "imports_gwh": 339.02595819533605 } ], "base_demand_gwh": 80622.91755304864, "final_demand_gwh": 75322.41107834967, "solar_gwh": 33475.16633876775, "nuclear_gwh": 15064.239539999999, "other_gwh": 3697.54, "road_cars_reference_twh": 5.597994733481102, "vehicle_driving_gwh": 310.84225535113603, "vehicle_charge_meter_gwh": 583.7657976199547, "vehicle_discharge_meter_gwh": 193.0922662561408, "winter_shortfall_gwh": 2167.70206677849, "winter_net_imports_gwh": 6874.901429957993 }, { "natural_release_gwh": 14708.064000000095, "natural_spill_gwh": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 8228.589260336179, "exports_gwh": 9123.085652982345, "unserved_gwh": 0.0, "curtailment_gwh": 1494.142061703547, "nant_de_drance_charge_gwh": 1886.2558147012887, "nant_de_drance_discharge_gwh": 1509.0046517610313, "limmern_charge_gwh": 2147.3213356791766, "limmern_discharge_gwh": 1717.857068543342, "hongrin_leman_charge_gwh": 921.2340055267255, "hongrin_leman_discharge_gwh": 736.9872044213765, "grimsel2_charge_gwh": 849.5683765195038, "grimsel2_discharge_gwh": 679.654701215605, "vehicle_charge_gwh": 855.9882900618649, "vehicle_discharge_gwh": 285.11051495010986, "unserved_peak_gw": 0.0, "shortage_hours": 0, "solve_seconds": 59.28057390099275, "audit": { "max_equation_residual_gwh": 1.5099033134902129e-12, "max_bound_violation": 2.842170943040401e-14, "max_inequality_violation": 0.0, "simultaneous_max_gw": 0.0, "hours": 8760, "minimum_shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "initial_final_stocks_gwh": { "natural_stock": 8478.478742488936, "nant_de_drance_stock": 14.117439220516177, "limmern_stock": 12.981325100556964, "hongrin_leman_stock": 94.07465475117938, "grimsel2_stock": 50.98477282245935, "vehicle_stock": 6.744846962196484 } }, "case": { "id": "2022-v2g-nooutage", "year": 2022, "mode": "v2g", "imports": 2, "forced": false, "fleet": "bfe" }, "options": { "pumped_stores": [ { "id": "nant_de_drance", "pump_gw": 0.9, "turbine_gw": 0.9, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 20, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "limmern", "pump_gw": 1, "turbine_gw": 1, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 35.536725, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "hongrin_leman", "pump_gw": 0.42, "turbine_gw": 0.42, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 100, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 }, { "id": "grimsel2", "pump_gw": 0.392, "turbine_gw": 0.388, "deliverable_energy_gwh": 55.917, "roundtrip_efficiency": 0.8 } ], "natural_capacity_gwh": 8510.546275, "natural_turbine_gw": 9.20488, "battery_rte": 0.85, "battery_max_gw": 20, "battery_max_gwh": 10000, "export_gw": 8, "battery_power_chf_per_kw": 600, "battery_energy_chf_per_kwh": 225, "import_gw": 2 }, "fleet_bev": 2100000, "participants": 210000.0, "partitions": [ { "season": "winter", "period": "day", "hours": 1837, "demand_gwh": 18253.30716804076, "peak_demand_gw": 12.846755398537091, "solar_gwh": 8851.380212710768, "nuclear_gwh": 4037.9831799999993, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 2713.8902517381503 }, { "season": "winter", "period": "night", "hours": 2531, "demand_gwh": 24533.743275059922, "peak_demand_gw": 15.043747368315309, "solar_gwh": 63.96782718969837, "nuclear_gwh": 5563.492339999999, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 5055.688938804931 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "day", "hours": 2606, "demand_gwh": 25297.094459764157, "peak_demand_gw": 17.52114667006591, "solar_gwh": 24512.26004987728, "nuclear_gwh": 4739.189839999999, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 163.22932068779886 }, { "season": "summer", "period": "night", "hours": 1786, "demand_gwh": 12610.356675067947, "peak_demand_gw": 13.48205161885656, "solar_gwh": 47.558248990002355, "nuclear_gwh": 3332.3802399999995, "shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "peak_shortfall_gw": 0.0, "imports_gwh": 295.780749105297 } ], "base_demand_gwh": 80622.91755304864, "final_demand_gwh": 75322.41107834967, "solar_gwh": 33475.16633876775, "nuclear_gwh": 17673.045599999998, "other_gwh": 3697.54, "road_cars_reference_twh": 5.597994733481102, "vehicle_driving_gwh": 453.6, "vehicle_charge_meter_gwh": 855.9882900618649, "vehicle_discharge_meter_gwh": 285.11051495010986, "winter_shortfall_gwh": 0.0, "winter_net_imports_gwh": 6525.565267376438 } ], "claims": [ { "id": "plan-demand-2035", "label": "Reference annual electricity demand in 2035", "value": 73.47757702197484, "unit": "TWh", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Independent central sector-demand calculation at 2035, end-use electricity before grid losses and extra V2X losses, normalized to calendar 2024.", "formula": "model.demand.calculate(baseline, parameters, 2035, central). Weather-year totals vary.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model", "demand-model-v1" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-pv-2035", "label": "Proposed solar fleet in 2035", "value": 26, "unit": "GWp", "status": "assumption", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Solar nameplate capacity in the first replacement package.", "formula": "Explicit proposal: 26 GWp.", "limitation": "Delivery requires sites, equipment, network access and viable owner returns; peak capacity differs from dependable night power.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-pv-build-rate", "label": "Solar addition needed each year", "value": 1.65014, "unit": "GWp/year", "status": "calculated", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Simple average increase from the estimated end-2025 stock to the proposed end-2035 stock.", "formula": "(26 − 9.4986) / 10.", "limitation": "Gross stock difference; replacements and changing annual build rates are excluded.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model", "bfe-solar-storage-2025" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-existing-nuclear-2035", "label": "Remaining nuclear net capacity in the first package", "value": 2.2430000000000003, "unit": "GW", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Gösgen plus Leibstadt at documented net capacities, conditional on safe, viable continued operation.", "formula": "1.010 + 1.233 = 2.243 GW net.", "limitation": "Beznau follows announced retirements. No new reactor credited in 2035. Maintenance and outage assumptions reduce modelled generation.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model", "bfe-electricity-2025" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "fleet-bev-2025", "label": "Battery-electric passenger cars in 2025", "value": 249832, "unit": "cars", "status": "observed", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "BFS fleet count at 30 September 2025.", "formula": "Published BFS observation.", "limitation": "2025 observation, not a future replacement rate.", "sources": [ "bfs-vehicles-2025" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "fleet-new-cars-2025", "label": "New passenger cars registered during 2025", "value": 232602, "unit": "cars/year", "status": "observed", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "BFS full-calendar-year new registrations.", "formula": "Published BFS observation.", "limitation": "2025 observation, not a future replacement rate.", "sources": [ "bfs-vehicles-2025" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "fleet-new-bev-share-2025", "label": "Battery-electric share of new cars in 2025", "value": 22.7, "unit": "%", "status": "observed", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "New registrations; distinct from the electric share of the whole fleet.", "formula": "Published BFS observation.", "limitation": "2025 observation, not a future replacement rate.", "sources": [ "bfs-vehicles-2025" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "fleet-bfe-2035", "label": "Battery-electric cars in the BFE 2035 scenario", "value": 2100000, "unit": "cars", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Battery-electric passenger-car stock in the May 2023 charging-infrastructure study.", "formula": "BFE/EBP printed page 17.", "limitation": "Conditional adoption scenario; early new-sales expectations exceeded the observed 2025 outcome. Excludes PHEVs.", "sources": [ "bfe-charging-2050" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "fleet-sales-paced-2035", "label": "Electric cars in the sales-paced sensitivity", "value": 1439084.5155145188, "unit": "cars", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Simple annual stock recurrence using 2025 registration volume and total car stock, with assumed all-BEV new sales by 2035.", "formula": "BEV[t] = BEV[t−1] × (1 − 232602/4839465) + 232602 × BEV new-sales share[t]; share rises linearly from 0.227 to 1 over 2025–2035.", "limitation": "Equal retirement rates, fixed total fleet and sales volume, approximate September/calendar-year boundary. Not an age-cohort forecast. Changes flexibility only; national demand held constant.", "sources": [ "bfs-vehicles-2025", "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "fleet-participants-2035", "label": "Participating cars in the main example", "value": 210000.0, "unit": "cars", "status": "assumption", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "A subset of the BFE electric fleet with a compatible car, equipped home and willing owner.", "formula": "2,100,000 × 50% compatible × 50% equipped × 40% participating = 210,000.", "limitation": "All eligibility fractions are illustrative assumptions. Remaining cars continue to draw their driving electricity in fixed demand.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "fleet-night-connected-2035", "label": "Cars connected in the evening and overnight window", "value": 147000.0, "unit": "cars", "status": "assumption", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Illustrative connected homes during local hours 18:00–07:59; the daytime connection fraction is 20%.", "formula": "210,000 × 70%.", "limitation": "Clock window differs from astronomical day/night. Connection behaviour and trip-level readiness are unvalidated.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "fleet-working-energy-2035", "label": "Battery working window across participants", "value": 6.3, "unit": "GWh", "status": "assumption", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Total battery-side window between protected 20 kWh and maximum 50 kWh per participant.", "formula": "210,000 × (50 − 20) kWh / 1,000,000.", "limitation": "Includes disconnected cars; not all energy can reach the grid at once. Driving and conversion losses reduce exportable electricity.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "fleet-night-v2g-power-2035", "label": "V2G power ceiling in the overnight window", "value": 1.029, "unit": "GW", "status": "assumption", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Meter-side power ceiling for cars assumed connected at home.", "formula": "210,000 × 70% × 7 kW / 1,000,000.", "limitation": "Requires energy, matching equipment, connection approval, available household/network capacity and viable voluntary participation. Not firm capacity.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2012-fixed-energy", "label": "Remaining annual supply: 2012-fixed", "value": 2555.6857744809754, "unit": "GWh", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2012-fixed-power", "label": "Remaining peak supply: 2012-fixed", "value": 2.28209526160838, "unit": "GW", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2012-smart-energy", "label": "Remaining annual supply: 2012-smart", "value": 2461.7727742819143, "unit": "GWh", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2012-smart-power", "label": "Remaining peak supply: 2012-smart", "value": 2.112301612237719, "unit": "GW", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2012-v2h-energy", "label": "Remaining annual supply: 2012-v2h", "value": 2448.0251956637353, "unit": "GWh", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2012-v2h-power", "label": "Remaining peak supply: 2012-v2h", "value": 2.1123011858968956, "unit": "GW", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2012-v2g-energy", "label": "Remaining annual supply: 2012-v2g", "value": 2448.0251956637244, "unit": "GWh", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2012-v2g-power", "label": "Remaining peak supply: 2012-v2g", "value": 2.112301185951178, "unit": "GW", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2022-fixed-energy", "label": "Remaining annual supply: 2022-fixed", "value": 2306.1959870084297, "unit": "GWh", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2022-fixed-power", "label": "Remaining peak supply: 2022-fixed", "value": 0.7046165785531138, "unit": "GW", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2022-smart-energy", "label": "Remaining annual supply: 2022-smart", "value": 2186.3505313459104, "unit": "GWh", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2022-smart-power", "label": "Remaining peak supply: 2022-smart", "value": 0.6684164550523884, "unit": "GW", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2022-v2h-energy", "label": "Remaining annual supply: 2022-v2h", "value": 2169.5436657481982, "unit": "GWh", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2022-v2h-power", "label": "Remaining peak supply: 2022-v2h", "value": 0.6647733939074053, "unit": "GW", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2022-v2g-energy", "label": "Remaining annual supply: 2022-v2g", "value": 2169.5436657482237, "unit": "GWh", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2022-v2g-power", "label": "Remaining peak supply: 2022-v2g", "value": 0.664773393907377, "unit": "GW", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2024-v2g-energy", "label": "Remaining annual supply: 2024-v2g", "value": 0.0, "unit": "GWh", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2024-v2g-power", "label": "Remaining peak supply: 2024-v2g", "value": 0.0, "unit": "GW", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2022-v2g-noimports-energy", "label": "Remaining annual supply: 2022-v2g-noimports", "value": 10440.403602677643, "unit": "GWh", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2022-v2g-noimports-power", "label": "Remaining peak supply: 2022-v2g-noimports", "value": 2.7695568258795955, "unit": "GW", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2022-v2g-slowerfleet-energy", "label": "Remaining annual supply: 2022-v2g-slowerfleet", "value": 2212.0267705777983, "unit": "GWh", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2022-v2g-slowerfleet-power", "label": "Remaining peak supply: 2022-v2g-slowerfleet", "value": 0.6770399906941905, "unit": "GW", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2022-v2g-nooutage-energy", "label": "Remaining annual supply: 2022-v2g-nooutage", "value": 0.0, "unit": "GWh", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-2022-v2g-nooutage-power", "label": "Remaining peak supply: 2022-v2g-nooutage", "value": 0.0, "unit": "GW", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Additional supply required after the specified generation, storage, imports and vehicle service; hydrological-year weather, 2035 demand.", "formula": "Hourly dispatch: minimize total shortfall, then its peak; annual sum or hourly maximum.", "limitation": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-procurement-energy", "label": "Starting winter-energy procurement screen", "value": 2.5, "unit": "TWh", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Largest remaining winter gap among three V2G weather cases, rounded upward to 0.1 TWh.", "formula": "ceil(max(winter shortfall GWh) / 100) / 10.", "limitation": "Preliminary market-assessment quantity, conditional on up to 2 GW imports and optimistic dispatch. No statistical reserve margin. Network, further weather/outages, fuel and contracted availability can raise the requirement.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" }, { "id": "plan-procurement-power", "label": "Starting available-power procurement screen", "value": 2.2, "unit": "GW", "status": "scenario", "period": "2035 supply assessment, 18 September 2026", "definition": "Largest remaining peak among three V2G weather cases, rounded upward to 0.1 GW.", "formula": "ceil(max(peak shortfall GW) × 10) / 10.", "limitation": "Delivered available power, not equipment nameplate or final contracted capacity. Assumes up to 2 GW imports; the no-import case needs more. No statistical reserve margin.", "sources": [ "portfolio-2035-model" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-09-18" } ], "inputs": [ { "path": "portfolio_model/parameters.json", "sha256": "2cbc7f28ea4f21b2dd864a86b386702b137e1eedb9eb1ec75280ffd632818789", "bytes": 1419 }, { "path": "portfolio_model/dispatch.py", "sha256": "98d66c91b4f1212000c941a6b5bd1ff68526964a3d2eeecf6b9cf97609df9c08", "bytes": 6697 }, { "path": "portfolio_model/run.py", "sha256": "c44fd99329a401209ce242d13afe6574f5c7bf9815a3d06724693b3dcf48f5e3", "bytes": 10474 }, { "path": "portfolio_model/test_model.py", "sha256": "62475dd5dbbaecb398e6b4b4dcc25202dc6d4f308668f17c803fedaa2284f9cf", "bytes": 3935 }, { "path": "portfolio_model/validate.py", "sha256": "3a70e64e6b1260503b898017e492ec19ec1852ea8f653561f9bfbb9326275233", "bytes": 4303 }, { "path": "model/demand.py", "sha256": "d0ee84fc740ac8f77f7962264979a8720f11656f58c614f33a36f59bfa659982", "bytes": 12917 }, { "path": "model/parameters.json", "sha256": "3bdb6e40035be7a1e73a70379ea4ea27988002c3a71a467a9d72d974164b0254", "bytes": 12869 }, { "path": "data/demand-model-v1/baseline.json", "sha256": "f75c5dfe2927502ed331bd69309950c10196453a2c3e02b3594bfa193e239563", "bytes": 26653 }, { "path": "hourly_model/load.py", "sha256": "ae75ea71873266160050531ff60957d2ac513cff30c4c728fb03443337b6e0fd", "bytes": 11135 }, { "path": "hourly_model/dispatch.py", "sha256": "69ce228fe93b1d0d82c24218f3d65289fd0b78e9242f742547c8f1c0e487048a", "bytes": 9450 }, { "path": "hourly_model/prepare.py", "sha256": "ef969a9b959c2dbf1b479c99ac887e2997f276fb2ac7f142085f205c587faf84", "bytes": 9759 }, { "path": "hourly_model/config.json", "sha256": "8c1f45e0f74d4bd7e870ab5d1567147ac2cdf6af596a29efd4d811211c59efb0", "bytes": 2617 }, { "path": "feasibility_model/run.py", "sha256": "f88ed5e7a857b0b42817a1fb3f632cf4f4445ef5800da15844196b8c9ab5fe00", "bytes": 8133 }, { "path": "feasibility_model/dispatch.py", "sha256": "1b8b1feb51d1bdb45db018f0aa0f261f543a1a9ade1be14efc44d52a4e0e06a6", "bytes": 9236 }, { "path": "data/hourly-model-v1/weather-hourly.csv.gz", "sha256": "1e33edb173a1bc59a2471c97fb6307306e7bbf6182bfab9cd976156a20e44d2a", "bytes": 5260335 }, { "path": "data/hourly-model-v1/weather-audit.json", "sha256": "83fd740cf0298c01112e5605d8d1ba8d60f71d7877e0833f36af3a4de2b032e3", "bytes": 10575 }, { "path": "data/hourly-model-v1/load-fit.json", "sha256": "128c5aa9026a85194a1fb602388f800d7e77db200418e870a8c5c6e67b692822", "bytes": 10182 }, { "path": "data/hourly-model-v1/hydro-monthly.json", "sha256": "362038b90996f0fdf10d9740b255ae8c43befac666c2158c5d637b706cd220a2", "bytes": 65986 }, { "path": "backups/hourly-model-v1-2026-09-10/sources/bfe-monthly-electricity.csv", "sha256": "94888a5996fdc51993f246cadccc0aa09c1b26a90795b6c5a1887c5963b73729", "bytes": 25878 }, { "path": "backups/hourly-model-v1-2026-09-10/sources/bfe-monthly-electricity.csv.metadata.json", "sha256": "6d9a6ce9179c597f539b6c18b5f24d38ab9f123b54e020abb7bd629d0355dd44", "bytes": 686 }, { "path": "data/processed/nuclear-annual-2016-2025.json", "sha256": "cfb79c0bc9e06472e1222df7e251d4a0a0119d629f4a98dd1b24bf175c8aaf15", "bytes": 8285 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/method.md", "sha256": "0355cab60d1cf68489ef514a8b625119fa9a0656234d36c48854a83b1eaf8ed7", "bytes": 8722 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/source-catalog.json", "sha256": "44ec9a79b6561a2a6438643754de2ac10413dcfc501cb4bb98a8a67e2f9f9b28", "bytes": 3367 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/demand-audit.json", "sha256": "588763121c8e85e895eee353587719516c37a31f06e4de3117bbe9b894d1c25a", "bytes": 13486 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/fleet-trajectory.json", "sha256": "ab6ec386f2ebafdeacaca9b5ef6bd0ffe390395aff9d0423ee4cb5eb0beeb7f9", "bytes": 1006 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/case-index.json", "sha256": "3cb40592b6d3146cd1b990a4324dd3af30d61387154c90523e2edd23656b096d", "bytes": 57014 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2012-fixed/result.json", "sha256": "c600ae06a633673e79203bbc382917d8430c6b7c1938987527150c613c9399c2", "bytes": 4324 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2012-fixed/hourly.csv.gz", "sha256": "b0290f0f96ad55aef76910284e34a0279ba6d453649eaf32757bb1d7041759c9", "bytes": 929453 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2012-smart/result.json", "sha256": "eda24c303dab3945c6ed204f9ecc40730dd1dbfc4d35121e2ac456d9dcdbd1a6", "bytes": 4419 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2012-smart/hourly.csv.gz", "sha256": "ff96d2558ed2183ebc588b721df5e6faffa243d85a8e6ebcefde954e7a3e08d6", "bytes": 1006417 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2012-v2h/result.json", "sha256": "558945519282afb0d3677577cf936534ff41cd2566acf685b63d064e54ed8fa1", "bytes": 4473 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2012-v2h/hourly.csv.gz", "sha256": "622b795cde97e3361fc02b17706dfc374e5c9c6e50f712d5059bc2ce54771f50", "bytes": 1012199 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2012-v2g/result.json", "sha256": "029d4bdc9d62b386159d4981e01bbbebc7bbfeef4e48c93f9308d429bdad531e", "bytes": 4477 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2012-v2g/hourly.csv.gz", "sha256": "f129af15ef0ea1d0c60f99e65cb3ffc5c35f40b868071dc270245a256bbe630e", "bytes": 1009887 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2022-fixed/result.json", "sha256": "fe4a3a7d70ebb250b0379236e0d0390cc531af1c8cdcede90d54a489a2118c63", "bytes": 4402 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2022-fixed/hourly.csv.gz", "sha256": "020d017a2341527ea74382fabae74ba07447c469632b9ef95c89530dad386f21", "bytes": 995866 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2022-smart/result.json", "sha256": "c39e258ef85f9990eaf18b979645a85b6fff799eee84af909f7a05528bc87aa0", "bytes": 4501 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2022-smart/hourly.csv.gz", "sha256": "e2f57d73352b560b05b5d02fc35f0090e7788f27f5b176266c3cfdfeef275d26", "bytes": 1073136 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2022-v2h/result.json", "sha256": "f6349af426bfab1b21af1ce11626bbb1d3cbac5ff819ff0febba2e5246bae9d3", "bytes": 4540 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2022-v2h/hourly.csv.gz", "sha256": "145ee14c7cdabb2681971c6e5a28465d8cd7d3b630e505622edf8b04174b934f", "bytes": 1091439 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2022-v2g/result.json", "sha256": "daad71eee9c7ca87d4233f65e1a2be2db38bb7e2fded944bb22fe3e1345c12c1", "bytes": 4541 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2022-v2g/hourly.csv.gz", "sha256": "7a264d5f1f2ee5f6a417c9807eb218ccecbf5153aa15c85de74a232991addbc6", "bytes": 1083178 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2024-v2g/result.json", "sha256": "4288bef4832212236e5d3a2485f6d5d3d802787aea6a988e43aac7f25f08b5b3", "bytes": 4313 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2024-v2g/hourly.csv.gz", "sha256": "4d965b8e3e65ad9e18cbdb45eb9527cd1371ab57b10d52c55b2be93f9cb0bbb1", "bytes": 989796 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2022-v2g-noimports/result.json", "sha256": "c05a99595567eb778251a3d9d854238ed3b9ae5d587b2a398e1a6412be14697c", "bytes": 4473 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2022-v2g-noimports/hourly.csv.gz", "sha256": "874147b7db20d66ae9f0c826c1e15f4afe1903ee9930ee3a948cb514dec0bfeb", "bytes": 1075109 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2022-v2g-slowerfleet/result.json", "sha256": "930cb63b82c64a5a9fe9038598e6253e12a9db04c94c48a5cd228517744a4707", "bytes": 4592 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2022-v2g-slowerfleet/hourly.csv.gz", "sha256": "841d2881fd71bc0f220ebaa1749fab9c186b322287c1243fe79473e11af9e0b9", "bytes": 1091680 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2022-v2g-nooutage/result.json", "sha256": "83b04c6cf64e1d42f2c2d89d5458732d0bee163744ef90eacaf7dffbf398c0bc", "bytes": 4380 }, { "path": "data/portfolio-2035-2026-09-18/cases/2022-v2g-nooutage/hourly.csv.gz", "sha256": "13446be467c0f853241bc5b0e3611158d46c0afd0319938739d29189abf756f0", "bytes": 1083370 } ], "limits": "Conditional national-bus screening; perfect foresight, pooled natural hydro, monthly inflow smoothing, no internal network, probabilistic adequacy or owner-economics test. Fleet and connection assumptions are not commitments." }